Design and Implementation of Multiplier Accumulator Unit Using Rounding Based Approximation

---

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the design of a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) based on an instrumentation amplifier. The instrumentation amplifier can be implemented in different ways, including the Single Op amp IA, 2 Op-amp INA, 3 Op-amp INA, Switched Capacitor Instrumentation amplifier (SCIA), Current Feedback Instrumentation amplifier (CFIA), Current Mirror Instrumentation amplifier (CMIA), and others. By adding switches or a multiplexer (Mux) to the amplifier, a precision programmable gain instrumentation amplifier (PG-IA) can be created. The literature suggests various approaches for enhancing the performance parameters of a PGINA, and this study aims to bring together and evaluate these approaches on a unified platform. In this research, an extensive examination of multiple instrumentation amplifier topologies has been carried out, and these topologies have been categorized based on their distinctive characteristics.

---

Keywords

ROBA multiplier; MAC unit; Baugh Wooley multiplier; Vedic multiplier